TSO-DSO Coordination Schemes to Facilitate Distributed Resources Integration

The incorporation of renewable energy into power systems poses serious challenges to the transmission and distribution system operators (TSOs DSOs). To fully leverage these resources there is a need for new market design with improved coordination between TSOs DSOs. In this paper we propose two schemes DSOs: one centralised another decentralised that facilitate integration distributed based generation; minimise operational cost; relieve congestion; promote sustainable system. order achieve this, approximate equations linearised so resulting optimal flows (OPFs) in both TSO DSO become convex optimisation problems. scheme, collaborate optimally allocate all particular, an iterative bi-level technique where upper level solves its own OPF determines locational marginal prices at substations. We demonstrate numerically algorithm converges near solution. study interaction DSOs existence any conflicting objectives scheme. More specifically, Pareto front multi-objective flow problem entire system, i.e., systems, modelled. proposed ideas are illustrated through five bus connected represented by IEEE 33 69 feeders.